Finite Element Design Concrete Structures Rombach Pdf Converter
Author by: Hiroyuki AoyamaLanguange: enPublisher by: World ScientificFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 94Total Download: 496File Size: 51,8 MbDescription: This book presents the results of a Japanese national research project carried out in 1988-1993, usually referred to as the New RC Project. Developing advanced reinforced concrete building structures with high strength and high quality materials under its auspices, the project aimed at promoting construction of highrise reinforced concrete buildings in highly seismic areas such as Japan.
The project covered all the aspects of reinforced concrete structures, namely materials, structural elements, structural design, construction, and feasibility studies. In addition to presenting these results, the book includes two chapters giving an elementary explanation of modern analytical techniques, i.e. Finite element analysis and earthquake response analysis. Contents:RC Highrise Buildings in Seismic Areas (H Aoyama)The New RC Project (H Hiraishi)New RC Materials (M Abe & H Shiohara)New RC Structural Elements (T Kaminosono)Finite Element Analysis (H Noguchi)Structural Design Principles (M Teshigawara)Earthquake Response Analysis (T Kabeyasawa)Construction of New RC Structures (Y Masuda)Feasibility Studies and Example Buildings (H Fujitani) Readership: Civil, ocean and marine engineers. Author by: L.M.
Author by: Anna ErmakovaLanguange: enPublisher by: Bokforlaget Efron & Dotter ABFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 66Total Download: 645File Size: 48,6 MbDescription: The work presents the theoretical basis of Additional Finite Element Me-thod (AFEM), which is a variant of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for analy-sis of reinforced concrete structures at limit state. AFEM adds to the traditional sequence of problem by FEM the units of the two well-known methods of the structural design: method of additional loads and limit state method. The prob-lem is solved by introduction of ideal failure models and additional design dia-grams formed from additional finite elements, where each AFE describes the limit state reached by the main element. The main relations defining the proper-ties of AFEs as well as the examples of the use of Additional Finite Element Me-thod for analysis of reinforced concrete structures at limit state are given in the work too. Author by: M. KotsovosLanguange: enPublisher by: Thomas TelfordFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 47Total Download: 171File Size: 46,9 MbDescription: Shows the unifying generality of the proposed approach and the reliability of the ensuing computer package, for which the sole input is the specified cylinder strength of concrete and the yield is the stress of steel.
This book offers an understanding of structural concrete behaviour, and illustrates the revision required for improving methods. Author by: Thomas T. HsuLanguange: enPublisher by: John Wiley & SonsFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 94Total Download: 963File Size: 49,6 MbDescription: Unified Theory of Concrete Structures develops an integrated theory that encompasses the various stress states experienced by both RC & PC structures under the various loading conditions of bending, axial load, shear and torsion. Upon synthesis, the new rational theories replace the many empirical formulas currently in use for shear, torsion and membrane stress. The unified theory is divided into six model components: a) the struts-and-ties model, b) the equilibrium (plasticity) truss model, c) the Bernoulli compatibility truss model, d) the Mohr compatibility truss model, e) the softened truss model, and f) the softened membrane model. Hsu presents the six models as rational tools for the solution of the four basic types of stress, focusing on the significance of their intrinsic consistencies and their inter-relationships.
Because of its inherent rationality, this unified theory of reinforced concrete can serve as the basis for the formulation of a universal and international design code. Includes an appendix and accompanying website hosting the authors’ finite element program SCS along with instructions and examples Offers comprehensive coverage of content ranging from fundamentals of flexure, shear and torsion all the way to non-linear finite element analysis and design of wall-type structures under earthquake loading. Authored by world-leading experts on torsion and shear.
Author by: Yu HuangLanguange: enPublisher by: Cambridge Scholars PublishingFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 13Total Download: 669File Size: 50,7 MbDescription: This book details the theory and applications of finite element (FE) modeling of post-tensioned (PT) concrete structures, and provides the updated MATLAB code (as of 2019). The challenge of modeling PT prestressed concrete structures lies in the treatment of the interface between the concrete and prestressing tendons. Using MATLAB, this study develops an innovative nonlinear FE formulation which incorporates contact techniques and engineering elements to considerably reduce the need of computational power. This FE formulation has the ability to simulate different PT frame systems with fully bonded, fully unbonded or partially bonded tendons, as well as actual sliding behavior and frictional effects in the tendons. It also allows for the accurate simulation of anchor seating loss.
Geotechnical Finite Element AnalysisDownloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Downloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Geotechnical Finite Element Analysis A practical guideAndrew Lees BEng PhD CEng MICEDownloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Published by ICE Publishing, One Great George Street, Westminster, London SW1P 3AA Full details of ICE Publishing sales representatives and distributors can be found at: www.icebookshop.com/bookshopcontact.asp Other titles by ICE Publishing: Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering: Volume two – Application D. ISBN 978-0-7277-2783-1 Structural Analysis with Finite Elements P.
ISBN 978-0-7277-4093-9 Finite Element Design of Concrete Structures G. ISBN 978-0-7277-3274-3 www.icebookshop.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-7277-6087-6 # Thomas Telford Limited 2016 ICE Publishing is a division of Thomas Telford Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). All rights, including translation, reserved. Except as permitted by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, ICE Publishing, One Great George Street, Westminster, London SW1P 3AA. This book is published on the understanding that the author is solely responsible for the statements made and opinions expressed in it and that its publication does not necessarily imply that such statements and/or opinions are or reflect the views or opinions of the publishers.
While every effort has been made to ensure that the statements made and the opinions expressed in this publication provide a safe and accurate guide, no liability or responsibility can be accepted in this respect by the author or publishers. While every reasonable effort has been undertaken by the author and the publishers to acknowledge copyright on material reproduced, if there has been an oversight please contact the publishers and we will endeavour to correct this upon a reprint. Commissioning Editor: Laura Balchin Development Editor: Maria Ineˆs Pinheiro Production Editor: Rebecca Norris Market Development Executive: Elizabeth HobsonTypeset by Academic + Technical, Bristol Index created by Simon Yapp Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, PadstowDownloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.ContentsPreface About the authorvii ix01.How is a geotechnical finite element analysis set up? Analysis planning 1.2.
Geometry 1.3. Analysis stages 1.5. Constitutive models 1.6. Groundwater and drainage References1 1 7 17 18.How are constitutive models selected? Introduction 2.2. Aspects of ground behaviour 2.3.
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Common constitutive model types 2.4. Typical applications References29 29 31.How are soil and rock parameters obtained? Introduction 3.2. Soil and rock sampling and groundwater measurement 3.3.
Parameter testing 3.4. Parameter derivation and validation Appendix 3.1 – Useful equations in the validation of model or initial state parameters References55 5504.05.59 64 85 97 99How are groundwater effects taken into account? Introduction 4.2. Drained and undrained analyses 4.3. Groundwater flow analyses 4.4.
Consolidation analysis References105 105 109 118 120 123How are geotechnical structures modelled? Structural geometry 5.2. Structural materials 5.3.
Soil–structure interaction References125 125 152 156 160 vDownloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.06.Can FE analysis be used with design codes? Introduction 6.2. Serviceability limit state (SLS) 6.3. Geotechnical ultimate limit state (ULS) 6.4.
Structural limit states References163 163 167 168 180 18107.How is the accuracy of outputs assessed? Introduction 7.2.
Assessing accuracy 7.3. Managing errors References183 183 188 192 19708.Examples 8.1. Introduction 8.2.
Raft foundation with settlement-reducing piles example 8.3. Shaft excavation example 8.4. Embankment construction example References199 199 199 225 243 261Index263vi Downloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.PrefaceIt soon became clear to me while coordinating the European Commission Lifelong Learning COGAN Project on improving competency in geotechnical numerical analysis that finite element (FE) analysis is now widely used in geotechnical engineering but, in contrast to other fields of engineering, there are few fulltime users of such software. Geotechnical FE analysis places heavy demands on the competency of engineers but it is difficult to gain sufficient competency when applying such software part-time between other engineering tasks.
There was an obvious need for a ready reference for users of geotechnical FE analysis software to learn about and refresh their knowledge on applying the technique in practice. This book is intended primarily to address that need. Before using this book, it may also be useful to know the following: g ggggThe book is strictly software neutral. I did not want to appear to be favouring any particular software. I have not endeavoured to cover the essential background soil mechanics, rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering knowledge needed to perform FE analysis since this can be found readily from other sources. Worked examples in FE analysis are complicated to present and explain.
So that readers can access information quickly, I have avoided putting examples within the topics in Chapters 1 to 7. Rather, three examples illustrating application of many of the topics are presented and described separately in Chapter 8. Some parts of the NAFEMS guidebook Obtaining Parameters for Geotechnical Analysis which I authored have been reproduced in this book, particularly in Chapter 3, with the kind permission of NAFEMS.
This book provides the background information covering about 160 competence statements from the COGAN Competency Tracker maintained by NAFEMS. This Competency Tracker is available online to individuals free of charge for monitoring and recording competency in geotechnical numerical analysis. Andrew Lees Nicosia May 2016 viiDownloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Downloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.About the authorAndrew Lees graduated with a BEng in Civil Engineering at the University of Southampton in 1996, where he also obtained a PhD in the fields of centrifuge modelling and FE analysis of soil–structure interaction in 2000. He was then a geotechnical engineer at a major UK consultancy until 2004 when he took up a lectureship at Frederick University, Cyprus where he taught geotechnical engineering until 2015.
Finite Element Design Concrete Structures Rombach Pdf Converter Online
In 2007, he also set up and continues to run the successful consultancy Geofem, specialising in geotechnical FE analysis. In 2016, he was also appointed Senior Application Technology Manager at Tensar International, where one of his tasks is to improve techniques of modelling geogrid-stabilised soils by FE analysis.
He is a member of the NAFEMS Geotechnical Working Group and authored their first guidebook on obtaining parameters for numerical analysis and is a founding member of the Professional Simulation Engineer scheme administered by NAFEMS. He coordinated the European Commission Lifelong Learning project COGAN on improving competency in geotechnical numerical analysis.
He was convener of the evolution group advising the Eurocode 7 committee on the use of numerical methods in accordance with the design code and has since been involved in the redrafting of Eurocode 7. He is a member of the British Geotechnical Association and the Institution of Civil Engineers.ix Downloaded by University College London on 16/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Geotechnical Finite Element Analysis ISBN 978-0-7277-6087-6 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 1How is a geotechnical finite element analysis set up? The following sections in this chapter describe the steps taken and decisions to be made when setting up a geotechnical finite element (FE) analysis model. In many cases, readers are referred to sections in subsequent chapters where more detail is provided. The implementation of these steps is demonstrated in the examples in Chapter 8.1.1.
1.1.1Analysis planning Does FE analysis need to be used? This is an important question because FE analysis usually involves a lot more time and expense than conventional design methods, so choosing this method needs to be justified. The mere use of FE methods does not guarantee accurate predictions.
Arguably there is greater scope for error due to the power and complexity of such software. Non-numerical, or conventional, methods of design are usually quicker and cheaper, but they have major assumptions (e.g. Linear elasticity, uniform ground properties) and provide limited information (e.g. Average settlement of a foundation, limit states). Nevertheless, in spite of the assumptions and probable conservatism, they are often sufficient to demonstrate a satisfactory design without significant loss of economy. In such cases FE analysis cannot normally be justified. However, in other instances there may simply be no conventional method to calculate the required output, or the greater precision and detail offered by FE analysis at the design stage could bring significant economies during construction.
For example, FE analysis rather than conventional analysis methods might be required when any of the following need to be considered: gg g g g gcomplex ground behaviour (e.g. Non-linear stiffness, hardening soil, anisotropy, creep), more realistic ground behaviour or changing ground behaviour (e.g.
Ground improvement or treatment, consolidation) complex hydraulic conditions unusual geometry soil–structure interaction and internal structural forces in complex structures, and interactions with adjacent structures complex loadings the effects of the construction sequence and construction method 1Downloaded by University College London on 14/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Geotechnical Finite Element Analysisg g gapplying observational approaches to design time effects (e.g. Creep, consolidation) back-analysis of field trials or monitored structures.To help decide whether the use of FE analysis can be justified, a preliminary analysis can be performed with rudimentary project information and the outputs compared with appropriate conventional methods to assess the potential economic benefit of investing more time and money at the design stage in FE analysis.1.1.2 What are the aims of the FE analysis? Before thinking about building an FE model, the aims of the FE analysis need to be defined. For example, it may need to be demonstrated that a geotechnical structure has adequate safety against failure, or that the movement of an adjacent building is small enough not to cause damage, or to predict the flow of water into a cofferdam. Each requires a different approach, so the aims need to be defined at the start so that the decision-making throughout the preparation of the model helps to ensure that the model provides sufficiently accurate predictions.
If one of the aims were the prediction of ground deformations, for example, then software and constitutive models that were known to produce accurate predictions of ground deformation for the site conditions would be chosen and parameter testing would focus on obtaining accurate stiffness parameters for the ground. From the start, the analysis’ aims should be discussed with other stakeholders in the project to help ensure that the FE analysis meets their needs. FE models can take a long time to prepare and it is frustrating to learn of a new issue near the end of the process that could have been addressed by the FE model if it had been included in the aims of the analysis at the start. Some stakeholders will be third parties, particularly if ground movements might affect adjacent structures, services and infrastructure. So, as part of the site investigation, check with neighbouring property owners, utility companies and infrastructure agencies (e.g. Highways, railways, metro lines) that their requirements are covered by the aims of the FE analysis. Document the aims of the analysis clearly and have them checked by the project stakeholders so that everyone knows what to expect from the analysis model and to avoid any misunderstandings.
Once agreed, the written aims should be kept close at hand and referred to whenever decisions are made regarding the FE model and obtaining parameters. The outputs from the FE analysis that will be used to meet the specified aims are the key outputs.
Clearly, it is vitally important for these outputs to have sufficient accuracy because they will influence the design of the project. Every decision during the design of the FE model should be made considering its effect on the key outputs.1.1.3 What information needs to be gathered? To produce an accurate geotechnical FE model, comprehensive information on the historical, present day and proposed conditions at the site is needed. This requires an 2 Downloaded by University College London on 14/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.How is a geotechnical finite element analysis set up?extensive search of information sources, largely as part of the site investigation, as well as regular communication with members of the project team and third parties.
Every project is different but the types of information gathering often include the following broad categories: Ground information Careful planning of the ground investigation is needed to obtain the information necessary to form a sufficiently representative simulation of ground behaviour in the FE model, and this stage is covered in detail in Chapter 3. Essentially, sample descriptions and characterisation tests are used to form a ground model representative of site conditions. Then, by referring to the aims of the analysis, the required geotechnical parameters can be obtained by dedicated parameter testing. When interpreting the findings of the ground investigation and parameter testing results, it is important to understand the geological history of the site and the mechanisms of strata formation. The uncertainty in the interpretation of the ground conditions and parameters needs to be judged in order to select appropriate characteristic values, and sensitivity analyses are necessary to assess the potential effects of the uncertainties on the FE model outputs. Regular communication with those undertaking the ground investigation will help in judging the uncertainties.
Historical information During the desk study stage of a site investigation, information on historical land uses on and around the site is gathered, but how is this relevant to an FE analysis of today’s situation? Stress history and stress path have significant effects on the behaviour of the ground and therefore influence the input parameters to a model. Also, in order to recreate the stress path and current stress state in the model accurately, it may be necessary to simulate historical construction stages in the FE model leading up to the present day situation.
Therefore, the gathered historical information should be used to build up a timeline of significant loadings (e.g. Foundations), unloadings (e.g. Excavations), tunnelling and other structures that may exist in the ground (e.g. Unused piles or foundations). When preparing the FE model some of these historical activities may be important enough to be simulated in the construction stages or may influence the input parameters and in situ stresses.
Existing structures and infrastructure information If the site has existing structures or infrastructure, details of the existing geotechnical structures (e.g. Foundations, retaining walls, slope supports, tunnels, buried services) and loads from the existing structures and infrastructure will need to be obtained. This may include structures and infrastructure adjacent to the site where they influence ground behaviour or feature in the aims of the FE model. Ideally, as-built drawings will be available together with designs and load schedules, and these can be sought from owners of the existing structures and infrastructure.
Often such comprehensive information is not available, particularly for older structures, and some intrusive investigation of existing geotechnical structures will need to be included in the 3 Downloaded by University College London on 14/11/16. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.Geotechnical Finite Element Analysissite investigation. Even with intrusive investigation, assumptions will probably have to be made regarding existing geotechnical structures, so their type and geometry will need to be estimated based on experience of similar structures of the same age and by using design methods appropriate for the period of construction, and different options studied where there is uncertainty. Regarding existing loadings, rarely will these be available from the original design of older structures, so they will have to be estimated based on typical loadings for the type of structure and its use. Remember that existing loadings can often be favourable: for instance, an existing structure on a site to be demolished will have pre-loaded the ground such that settlement of the subsequent structure’s foundations will be reduced. In such a case it would be appropriate in an FE model taking account of pre-loading effects to apply the estimated actual loading rather than an upper bound value typically adopted for the design of new structures. Where the aims of the FE analysis include verifying that the settlement or distortion of adjacent structures and infrastructure are within acceptable limits, the gathered information could be used to set these limits.
Sometimes, particularly for infrastructure, the owner will provide acceptable deformation limits. On other occasions, the limits may need to be judged to help ensure that existing structures do not suffer an unacceptable level of damage resulting from construction-induced ground movements on the site. Proposed structures and infrastructure information Naturally, information on what is proposed to be constructed on the site will need to obtained in order to simulate its construction.