Behringer Mx 2804 Manual Dexterity
An apparatus and method is presented for promoting movements of a subject in synergic timed correlation with physiological activity. The apparatus includes a synergic programs module that directs the movements in a temporally varying fashion. The synergic programs module causes generation of at least one signal, stimulus, or force, where the movements are performed in response to the at least one signal, stimulus, or force, where each of the at least one signal, stimulus, or force is determined so as to reduce meaning and/or emotional content to the subject, where each signal and stimulus is from a pool that comprises signals and stimuli that are sensorially understandable or recognizable by the subject, and where timing of the movements is based on at least a primary correlation factor and a secondary correlation factor. The primary correlation factor is determined so that the movements are synchronized with referential points of an intrinsically variable cyclical physiological activity.
The secondary correlation factor is determined based on (a) fluctuations based on results of a first function; and (b) fluctuations based on a quantity of cycles of the physiological activity elapsing between any two of the movements or any two groupings of the movements, where the quantity of cycles is based on results of a second function. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1.
Field of the InventionThe present invention relates, generally, to addressing the need of promoting or improving bio-motoric performance in some human activities. More particularly, the present invention relates to addressing a possible subject's need to improve the level of synergic cooperation between one or more of his/her body parts with visceral cyclical function, during the execution or realization of an activity. More specifically, from the many possible embodiments of the invention, the possible usefulness of some of these embodiments for the treatment of many human conditions including learning disabilities in general and dyslexia in particular could be explored.2. Related ArtAt present, the characterization of mental life is dictated by a machine metaphor where the brain is viewed by many as a sophisticated computer whose software is the mind.
Cognitive psychology views the mind as a grand software which manipulates representations from the environment as symbols.This “computational” approach dominates today's mainstream in understanding the brain-mind set. Under this approach, the rest of the body simply executes and follows the programs stored in the brain (hardware), which is functionally manipulated by the mind (software). Furthermore, movements and voluntary actions are understood as ‘motor programs’ stored in the brain.It is easy to see why the computer metaphor has predominated the field of motor control and movement coordination for years.
Actions must be precisely ordered spatially and temporally, that is, a central motor program elicits instructions to choose the correct muscles, and then to contract and relax them at the right time. In short, the machine metaphor sees the brain as a central programmer and the body as a mere slave.All the above theories, although fruitful in some areas, don't say much about the nature of movement coordination and its over all organization. All of us know, in a way, what coordination is, but little is known about how or why it is the way it is.Getting down to specifics, movement coordination and organization is not a simple task since the human body is a complex system roughly comprising 10 2 joints, 10 3 muscles, 10 3 cell types, and 10 14 neurons and neuronal connections. In addition, the human body is multifunctional and behaviorally complex.
For example, we can chew and talk at the same time by using the same set of anatomical components. All the above suggests the enormous potential of the human body for movement production and voluntary action. Nevertheless, how can it be that complex motor behavior organizes and coordinates itself as to produce a simple movement? Or, phrasing it in the language of dynamical systems, how can a high-dimensional system (degrees of freedom of the motor system) be almost infinitely compressed as to produce a low dimensional dynamic?This issue is not trivial what so ever, since a breakdown in movement coordination and its overall organization is an indicator of several brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, etc. In the field of learning difficulties, a breakdown in movement coordination correlates with an impairment of cognitive perceptual tasking in people considered normal, leading to a spectrum of learning deficits such as: Dyspraxia, ADD, ADHD, Dyslexia, etc.The scenery in the physiology field changed radically when the eminent Soviet physiologist Nikolai A. Bernstein (1896-1966) proposed an early solution to these problems (See, Bernstein, N. A., “The Coordination and Regulation of Movements,” Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1967).
Bernstein showed that human movements are so intrinsically variable and posses such an unlimited degree of freedom, that finding a single formula explaining movement behavior from efferent impulses alone is inevitably doomed to failure.In Bernstein's own words “it is a most important fact that the invariant motor task is fulfilled not by a constant, fixed set, but by a varying set of movements, which lead to the constant, invariant effect” and this applies to simple and complex behavior alike. Motor variability according to Bernstein is not accidental, but essential, for the normal course of an active movement and for its successful accomplishment.Bernstein's great insight was that of defining the problem of coordinated action as a complication in mastering the many redundant degrees of freedom in a movement; that is, of reducing to a minimum the number of independent variables to control. Where θ is a value in millisecond depending on the mRR calculated from the 10RR intervals preceding the ORR (and obtained by synergic engine 506 from a pre-stored table in module 504). Note that the way of calculating θ described herein, and all other values, is just one way of many possible ways and is not meant to limit the present invention.
RMSSD is the root mean square of preferably the 10 successive differences (of the eleven RR intervals) preceding the ORR in order to compare its changes with those of the mRR. In any case, this default number of RR intervals can be changed by the administrator at modulus 504 or expert system at synergic engine 506. RMSSD is the Von Neuman algorithm: RMSSD = ∑ p = n - 10 p = n ( RR p - RR p - 1 ) 2 10. For mode 2, t D2 is calculate by the following expression: t D2=K+qδ. Where for example K has a default value of 30 millisecond, δ a default value of 15 millisecond, and q is a factor number from 0 to U, and can be determined by the quasi-random or any other function at each incoming ORR. Values of K, δ and U can be defined by the administrator at modulus 504 or an expert system at engine 506.Furthermore, the interval S t is obtained by the expression S T=T K+qδ. Here, T k is a constant value in milliseconds depending on the operant synergic timing mode (M 1 or M 2), and on the mRR preceding the particular ORR where the S T takes place.
Synergic engine 506 obtains the T K value from a pre-stored table (or via an algorithm) at modulus 504. In this example, the factor q and δ are equivalent as in the equation above for t D in mode 2, although their values could be different. Simmilarly, the values of δ and U can be defined by the administrator at modulus 504 or an expert system at synergic engine 506 in the form of a table or derived on-the-fly by an algorithm.In the particular case of embodiments of the present invention where voluntary/active synergic movements are to be executed by the subject, there will be a delay between for example, the perceived visual signal and/or sound stimuli reaching the sensorial system of the subject (during S t) and the actual execution of the movement.
Behringer Mx 2804 Manual Dexterity Pdf
This delay is called reaction time (RT). The timing of the occurrence of the synergic movement is represent in FIG. The synergic movement (SYM) is represented in FIG.
15A as time delayed in relation to the S t. When correlating with the heart cycle this delay is significant, because it takes generally more than 300 msc. For the movement to take place during systole, S T should come up on the preceding diastole, for example. For when a synergic movement will be achieved, it is predicted that the RT should decrease. Some embodiments provide new research tools to investigate changes in reaction time under different biomechanical condition for normal people and for those with, for example, attention deficit disorders (ADD).As it is well known in the relevant arts, each of the variables described herein may have a range of possible values. This range of possible values may be pre-calculated and pre-stored in a table for look-up by the present invention as necessary.
Alternatively, the value of each variable may be generated on-the-fly via an algorithm. Embodiments of the Present InventionAs described above, the present invention involves both the voluntary and/or involuntary movements of the subject, resulting in various embodiments of the present invention. These various embodiments were introduced in Table 1 above, illustrating: (1) the voluntary class is further divided into two subclasses, including active and reactive, and (2) the involuntary class is further divided into two subclasses, including passive and reflexive. It is important to note that some of the embodiments described herein are hybrids of different combinations. Examples of specific embodiments for each of the class/subclass combinations are described next. Such embodiments represent devices, for example tools that the invention employs to cause subject 308 to make desired movements.7.1. Class: Voluntary; Subclass: ActiveEmbodiments of the voluntary/active combination of the present invention comprise at least the following types: (1) tools, (2) fitness, and (3) sports.7.1.1.
ToolsVarious types of tools can be used by the voluntary/active combination of the invention, including but not limited to: eating tools, writing tools and home improvement tools. Eating tools may include a fork, spoon, knife, chopsticks, etc. Writing tools may include a pencil, pen, paintbrush, stylus, sculpturing tools, etc. Home improvement tools may include a hammer, screwdriver, saw, etc. The voluntary/active combination of the invention may be implemented in a similar way in each of the tools mentioned above.
Behringer Mx 2804 Manual Dexterity Instructions
17 illustrates an embodiment involving voluntary/active combination as implemented in a hammer 1702.Referring to FIG. 17, subject 308, physiological activity sensor module 302, movement inducement/change module 306 (implemented inside of a hammer 1702), and synergic programs module 304 are shown. Physiological activity sensor module 302 may be implemented as a bracelet 1704 worn on the arm of subject 308 (as shown in FIG. Alternatively, physiological activity sensor module 302 may be worn around the waist, finger or leg of subject 308. A synergic programs module that directs said movements in a temporally varying fashion, wherein said synergic programs module causes generation of one or more triggers, wherein said movements are performed in response to said one or more triggers, wherein timing of said movements is based on at least a primary correlation factor that is determined so that said movements are synchronized with referential points of an intrinsically variable cyclical physiological activity, wherein said timing of said movements is also based on at least a secondary correlation factor that is determined based on.
A synergic programs module that directs said movements in a temporally varying fashion, wherein said synergic programs module causes generation of one or more triggers, wherein said movements are performed in response to said one or more triggers, wherein timing of said movements is based on at least a primary correlation factor that is determined so that said movements are synchronized with referential points of an intrinsically variable cyclical physiological activity, wherein said intrinsically variable cyclical physiological activity is related to other than said subject. (b) fluctuations based on a quantity of cycles of said physiological activity elapsing between any two of said movements or any two groupings of said movements, wherein said quantity of cycles is based on results of a second function.
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